Ubuntu 更新apt源及常用命令
替换apt国内源更新软件包信息可更新的包信息更新所有包安装编译必备安装软件包查找软件包名查找包含文件的软件包名列出软件包的所有文件删除软件包
替换apt国内源
执行以下命令
mv -f /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list<< EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
把原来的apt源重命名为sources.list.bak，将阿里云的源作为apt默认使用的源 如果阿里云的源失效，则考虑执行以下命令恢复官方源
mv -f /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
更新软件包信息
只更新不升级，已安装的软件包是否有可用的更新
apt update
显示如下则代表所有的包都是最新的，没有可以更新的。
Ign:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-security InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed InRelease
Hit:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-backports InRelease
Hit:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty Release
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
显示如下则代表还有需要更新的包
224 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
可更新的包信息
执行以下命令显示可更新包的具体信息
apt list --upgradable
apt自己的更新信息也在列表中
更新所有包
apt -y upgrade
直接将所有的包更新到最新，注意，这可能是个危险操作。 如果你的开发和生产环境依赖特殊版本，则需要使用以下命令升级指定某个包到特殊版本
apt upgrade xxx=1.0.0
安装编译必备
build-essential 是一个meta package，它依赖一篮子软件包，使用以下命令可以看到依赖关系
$ apt-cache depends build-essential
build-essential
|Depends: libc6-dev
Depends:
libc6-dev
Depends: gcc
Depends: g++
Depends: make
make-guile
Depends: dpkg-dev
gcc及make方式
apt install build-essential
使用cmake构建系统需要额外安装
apt install cmake
ninja取代make需要额外安装
apt install ninja-build
如果你使用的是更老的编译方式，那么执行以下命令
apt install autoconf # loads autoscan, autoconf and associated macros
apt install automake
apt install libtool
apt install m4
安装软件包
apt install golang
查找软件包名
apt-cache search golang
查找包含文件的软件包名
apt install apt-file
apt-file update
apt-file search lua.hpp
这个类似于centos的yum whatprovides 命令，查找返回以下结果
emscripten: /usr/share/emscripten/tests/lua/src/lua.hpp
liblua5.1-0-dev: /usr/include/lua5.1/lua.hpp
liblua5.2-dev: /usr/include/lua5.2/lua.hpp
liblua5.3-dev: /usr/include/lua5.3/lua.hpp
libluabind-dev: /usr/include/luabind/detail/convert_to_lua.hpp
libluajit-5.1-dev: /usr/include/luajit-2.1/lua.hpp
libtexlua52-dev: /usr/include/texlua52/lua.hpp
libtexluajit-dev: /usr/include/texluajit/lua.hpp
lua5.1-doc: /usr/share/doc/lua5.1-doc/etc/lua.hpp
tarantool-lts-dev: /usr/include/tarantool/lua.hpp
列出软件包的所有文件
apt-file list golang
删除软件包
apt remove golang